Ukraine invasion: Why hasn’t Russia waged an all-out cyberwar on Ukraine?

Is Russia holding off on cyberwarfare while it has troops in Ukraine, or are cyberattacks failing to land thanks to vast international efforts to protect the country?

By Matthew Sparkes

As Russian forces built up near the Ukraine border at the start of this year, tensions grew about whether or not an invasion would occur. But at the same time, there were numerous digital incursions over the border, as cyberattacks affected key Ukrainian infrastructure.

In the middle of January, the so-called WhisperGate attack took down around 70 Ukrainian government websites, and on 15 February a cyberattack briefly disrupted two Ukrainian state-owned banks. The UK’s National Cyber Security Centre said just …